Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay - 965 Words

The Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded that Poland, as well as other Eastern European countries, act as a buffer between Western Europe and the Soviet Union. These Eastern countries were instilled with a pro-Soviet government by the Soviet occupation and Poland was forced to become a communist nation by not being allowed free elections and the suppression of any dissenting ideas. President Truman, on the other hand, vowed to stop the aggressive expansion of communism and demanded that Poland have a democratically elected government. With the inflamed words going back and forth, the Soviet Union closed off all of the countries under its control from Western trade and dropped the Iron Curtain. Stalin vowed to surpass the American lead in military weapons, more specifically, atomic weapons, and spread the will of the Soviet Union across the globe. Thus the Cold War arms race began. George Kennan, an American diplomat that lived in Moscow, advised President Truman that the Soviets will keep expanding communism until itShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowersRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when it

Monday, May 18, 2020

Analysis The Tain, Warriors Ferdia And Cuchulainn

Often, in a morally ambiguous culture, ideologies contradict one another—however, the basis of cultural values merge these various beliefs into one cohesive creed. Throughout The Tain, ideals of the morally ambiguous culture of Ireland present the considerations of its citizens and the characteristics which possess value to them. Many of the heroes, who manage to leave behind a legacy strong enough to appear in The Tain, demonstrate themselves as worthy heroes who represent principles that the Irish hold dear. However, the two heroes, Cuchulainn and Ferdia, display the moral vagueness of Irish values and epitomize the cultural standards during the time of the epic in the greatest sense. These foster brothers, trained under the same†¦show more content†¦The characteristic of fearlessness that symbolizes Cuchulainn is made evident when he disregards his age and transforms himself to appear older when fighting warriors in Ireland. This concept exhibits fearlessness becau se Cuchulainn, a seventeen-year-old, with no beard (a way of displaying age and manliness in Ireland during this time period) engages in single combat with some of the strongest and greatest warriors of his time. Ferdia, in comparison to Cuchulainn, demonstrates many of the same qualities, yet is not regarded in as high regards to the all-mighty warrior. Ferdia represents integrity and trustworthiness but also shares the quality of fearlessness. The representation of integrity, through Ferdia’s battle with Cuchulainn, portrays the importance of truthfulness in the Irish at the time of this epic. This ideal of integrity, symbolized by Ferdia, can be noticed when Ferdia, knowingly battles Cuchulainn in Cuchulainn’s fiercest state, never cheating, and abiding by all the rules set out for him in the warrior code of honor. Ferdia states â€Å"By the way of deceit no good can come† which represents his belief and the belief of the Irish people that manipulation and deceit serve no ability to enable good in the world (197). This showcases the ideology of the Irish people being one that appreciates a person’s honesty rather than their ability to win a battle. Ferdiaâ€℠¢s trustworthiness is unquestionable when he holds his promise to Queen Medb in a higherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Heroes of Celtic and Germanic Mythology3702 Words   |  15 Pagesand Germanic mythology exhibited similar characteristics regardless of whether or not they were Anglo-Saxon, Rhenish, or Irish. Indeed, there are many parallels between the behaviors demonstrated by the heroes of Beowulf, the Nibelungenlied, and the Tain Bo Cuailnge. Some of the most striking of these parallels are: the noble and divine lineage of the hero; the hero’s increased endurance and his exceptional combat abilities (including the use of powerful weapons and berserker behavior); the hero’s

Monday, May 11, 2020

Essay about Reviving Psychophysical Supervenience

Reviving Psychophysical Supervenience ABSTRACT: Many philosophers have lost their enthusiasm for the concept of supervenience in the philosophy of mind. This is largely due to the fact that, as Jaegwon Kim has shown, familiar versions of supervenience describe relations of mere property covariation without capturing the idea of dependence. Since the dependence of the mental on the physical is a necessary requirement for even the weakest version of physicalism, it would seem that existing forms of supervenience cannot achieve that for which they were designed. My aim is to revive the concept of supervenience. I argue that if we construe supervenience along Davidsonian lines — as a relation connecting predicates rather than properties —†¦show more content†¦In light of this, many have lost their enthusiasm for this idea. My goal in this paper is to renew our faith in supervenience. To do so, however, will not require the development of a new formulation of the concept; instead, it involves clearing up some misconceptions about an existing version of this relation. I refer to Davidson’s original treatment of supervenience. Most have assumed that Davidson’s brand of supervenience is equivalent to Kim’s weak supervenience, which is too weak to express dependence. I will argue that Davidson’s conception of supervenience is, despite certain formal similarities, quite different from Kim’s and clearly captures a sense of psychophysical dependence that is of use to forms of physicalism. As I see it, the difference between Kim’s approach and Davidson’s lies in the items supervenience is thought to connect. Kim’s formulations of supervenience connect properties, which he takes to be the ontological building blocks of events. In general then, Kim treats supervenience as a metaphysical thesis about the distribution of properties in possible worlds. By contrast, Davidson has little tolerance for the idea that events should be analyzed in terms of property exemplifications. Given Davidson’s reluctance to endorse properties, he prefers to think of supervenience as a relation between

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Chastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with...

Chastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with Kindness Renaissance England has been labeled a culture of shame - a society in which an individuals identity was primarily constructed by the way in which his or her reputation or honor was perceived by others. A womans public reputation was always based on her virginity or chastity. Just as women were considered the property of their fathers or husbands, a womans chastity was an asset owned by and exchanged between the men who possessed her. (Gutierrez, 272) A mans public reputation was therefore determined not only by his own qualities, but also by his wifes reputation for chastity. Conversely, a womans unchastity was a liability to her husband. Rape and†¦show more content†¦8-18) Collatine values Lucreces chastity in very mercantile terms, making her the object of Tarquins admiration, thereby endangering her: †¦why is Collatine the publisher Of that rich jewel he should keep unknown From thievish ears because it is his own? (Ln. 33-35) This is a paradox arising from the commodification of female chastity. In order for a husbands reputation to profit from the chastity of his wife, the value of that chastity must be publicized. Yet, this very publication endangers it. (Breitenberg, 100) In this case, Collatines praise of his wifes chastity leads Tarquin to covet her and destroy her chastity, the source of her value. After she is raped, Lucrece is only unchaste in body; her mind is still chaste because she has not betrayed her husband by desiring another man: Though my gross blood be staind with this abuse, Immaculate and spotless is my mind; That was not forcd, that never was inclind To accessary yieldings, but still pure Doth in her poisond closet yet endure. (Ln. 1655-1659) Unfortunately, her physical unchastity cannot be repaired. Lucrece

Mice and Men Injustices Faced Free Essays

â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† Martin Luther King regarding justice. This quote considers the injustice that takes place and its potential impacts. Justice is defined as a quality of being just; fairness and injustice is defined as Lack of fairness or justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Mice and Men Injustices Faced or any similar topic only for you Order Now This quote has some relevance and can be related to the issues of justice and injustice which is faced in the book Of Mice of Men. The book is set in the 1900s it takes place on and about a ranch in the Salinas Valley, near the town of Soledad, south of San Francisco. It is about two migrant field workers in California during the Great Depression – George Milton, an intelligent and cynical man; and Lennie Small, an ironically named man of large stature and immense strength but limited mental abilities. They work on a ranch and they hope to one day attain their shared dream of settling down on their own piece of land. Lennie’s part of the dream, which he never tires of hearing George describe, is merely to tend to (and touch) soft rabbits on the farm. In the book many characters are faced with injustices ranging from racism to disabilities. You can read also Justice System Position Paper One such characters who is subjected to this is Crooks. In the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† John Steinbeck, the author, uses the character of Crooks to represent racism and to symbolise the marginalization of the black community during the setting of the book. The term â€Å"nigger† is referenced in the book a number of times such as being banned from the bunkhouse, only during Christmas â€Å"they let the nigger come in† and in one scene Curley’s wife threatens Crooks that she’ll ‘ get you strung up on a tree so easy It ain’t even funny† showing the injustice that he faces when working at the ranch. How to cite Mice and Men Injustices Faced, Papers

Mice and Men Injustices Faced Free Essays

â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† Martin Luther King regarding justice. This quote considers the injustice that takes place and its potential impacts. Justice is defined as a quality of being just; fairness and injustice is defined as Lack of fairness or justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Mice and Men Injustices Faced or any similar topic only for you Order Now This quote has some relevance and can be related to the issues of justice and injustice which is faced in the book Of Mice of Men. The book is set in the 1900s it takes place on and about a ranch in the Salinas Valley, near the town of Soledad, south of San Francisco. It is about two migrant field workers in California during the Great Depression – George Milton, an intelligent and cynical man; and Lennie Small, an ironically named man of large stature and immense strength but limited mental abilities. They work on a ranch and they hope to one day attain their shared dream of settling down on their own piece of land. Lennie’s part of the dream, which he never tires of hearing George describe, is merely to tend to (and touch) soft rabbits on the farm. In the book many characters are faced with injustices ranging from racism to disabilities. You can read also Justice System Position Paper One such characters who is subjected to this is Crooks. In the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† John Steinbeck, the author, uses the character of Crooks to represent racism and to symbolise the marginalization of the black community during the setting of the book. The term â€Å"nigger† is referenced in the book a number of times such as being banned from the bunkhouse, only during Christmas â€Å"they let the nigger come in† and in one scene Curley’s wife threatens Crooks that she’ll ‘ get you strung up on a tree so easy It ain’t even funny† showing the injustice that he faces when working at the ranch. How to cite Mice and Men Injustices Faced, Papers

Risk Management of the AE Kalina Cycle - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management of the AE Kalina Cycle. Answer: Overview Business Impact Analysis is the systematic approach for determining and evaluating the possible effects for breaking the critical business operations as a result of a disaster, calamity or emergency. It is an essential component of the organisations business continuous plan. It generally includes a descriptive component to expose the susceptibilities and for this planning component is essential developing the strategies so as to overcomer from the risks or the disasters (Scholten et al., 2014). Business continuity process analyses the critical function which mainly identifies and computes to the greater impact of the loss of the functions. It basically identifies the effects on the financial, life, regulatory, legal etc. of the natural and the man-made events on business operations. Risk Description of an organisation The risk assessment is an easy way of identifying the potential hazards such as any disaster calamity like earthquake, supplier failure, fire or cyber-attack, which generally tends to evaluate the areas which are more prone and our vulnerable for occurring of the hazards. Risk assessment generally includes the people, property, supply chain, information technology, business reputation etc. A mitigation strategy has been developed for reducing the maximum probability of occurrence of any hazardous activity which have the significant impact on it (Pritchard and PMP, 2014). In the risk assessment stage the BIA is been examined against the hazardous scenarios which have the adverse effects on impacting on the business operations. It is generally used for making the justification in the cost from prevention and mitigation of the risks for implementing and designing the strategies Big Data Collection It is the heart of all good calamities or the disaster recovery planning projects. It is essential for collecting the data and information from the organisations. Those organisations that can actually access to the functions and can perform to all the business operations can access to the critically business functions. The big data collection can actually collected from the interviews, workshops, questionnaires etc. It is important to have a clear picture of all the documents and the main mission on the critical analysis on the collection of the information. Determine Process and Risk Critically Step one of the BIA Process- Identification of the key systems, functions, processes, etc. which are critical for the success of the organisation. As these processes are the significant areas where any failure would cost the company to suffer heavy losses. Information security in these areas is indispensable so to maintain the smooth functioning of business. Following are some of the areas where data is required to be safeguarded using proper risk management techniques. Mission/Business Process Description System Failures Any unwanted threats or malicious activities happened in the system from the intruders. Natural Disasters Any natural calamity occurred in an organization Human Caused Catastrophes Risks arise due to the frauds made in the organization by the personnels or using the essential information and sharing to the public domain. Legal Costs Risks Cost and loss of income in the legal uncertainty, cost of litigation. Identify Outage Impacts and Estimated: System Failures Failure occurs in the System Failures: There are risks that the intruders enter into the system and divert the files regarding to the information of the company and to the original transaction failure. Impact- it will result in the failures Responsible Department-Whole Organisational Structure Impact Category: Major Impact Values: 50000-500000 Natural Disasters Failure due to Natural Disasters: The failure is occurred in the organisation due to any natural disaster calamity occurred in the organisation and it mainly affect to the whole organisational behaviour and stop the all the business operations for the performance. Impact- loss of useful inventory, turnover loss, loss in the whole organisation. Responsible Department: Natural calamity. Impact Category: catastrophic Impact Values: 100000-1000000 Human Caused Catastrophes Failure due to Human Caused Catastrophes The risks is raised due to the man-made frauds and crimes, loss of valuable information assets of business. Impact- loss of funds affecting the overall profitability of business, financial loss due, legal repercussions, loss of competitive edge, sabotage. Responsible Department: Individual or personnels. Impact Category: major Impact Values: 100000-1000000 Legal Costs Risks: Failure in Legal Costs Risks: The important data is misused by the members of the organisation, imprisonment, penalties and fines Impact: Loss of sensitive information, bankrupt services, expenditure on the audit of legal fee. Responsible Department: Finance and Accounts department. Impact Category: major Impact Values: 50000-700000 Outage Impacts They are the adverse effects because of the failures in the respective field. Mission/Business Process Impact Category Insignificant Minor Major Catastrophic Impact System Failures Loss in the system failures due to unwanted files and folders affected by the intruders. Natural Disasters Occurrence of the Natural Calamity which mainly destroy the business processes and organization. Human Caused Catastrophes When the human change the relevant information and data which has the original file and folders change it into duplicate files and Loss in the Sensitive Information. Legal Costs Risks If the breach of information security acts various penalties, fines and other governmental actions are imposed. Estimated Downtime Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD)-It is used for identifying the time duration taken for detecting the risks in all the business process in which it can be engaged before the significant damage or to the long term feasibility is threatened. They are been published in to the same database or the spread sheets which specify all the business processes (Li et al., 2017). Recovery Time Objective (RTO) - It is the period of time from the risk been detected to the recommencement of all the business process. Recovery Point Objective (RPO) - It is the maximum period of the data been loss when the disaster counting backwards. Mission/Business Process MTD RTO RPO System Failures 72 hours 48 hours 12 hours (last backup) Natural Disasters 1 week 15days 48 hours Human Caused Catastrophes 24 hours 48 hours 12 hours Legal Costs Risks 24 hours 24 hours 12 hours Identify Resource Requirements System Resource/Component Platform/OS/Version (as applicable) Description Web Server 1 Optiplex GX280 Web Site Host Web Server2 Ubantu 14.04 Operating System Web Server 2 Windows 10 Operating System Web Server 3 VcloudAir Database Storage Identify Recovery Priorities for System Resources Recovery Time Objective (RTO) Priority System Resource/Component Recovery Time Objective Web Server 1 Optiplex GX280 24 hours to rebuild or replace Web server 3 VcloudAir 1 week to recover data Web Server 2 Ubantu 14.04 15 days to recover the loss Analysis on the Business Impact Analysis for the critical risks Injuries and losses to the lives of employees as a result of flooding at AEKC locations- It provides the speaking approach which mainly combines and provides the tools for lash flooding and forecasting to reduce and to overcome from the potential disaster. It mainly affected to the main causes of the business investments, stock in the business, resources and equipments used, plant etc. as well as the treats caused to the safety of the employees and to the customers. Etc. It made the business closed for the certain period of time. Increased security threat and exposure as a result of using an out-dated ERP system- The application security mainly aim to control the design work and to the systems. The usability of the out-dated ERP system leads to the crashes and to integration issues. Because the older software versions and are not compatible with the new products and the services and for this even the browsers and the servers are adversely affected from this (Verner et al., 2014). It also results in the insufficient reporting capability which mainly leads to the loss of the data. Using of the old ERP can lack to the system functionalities. Unauthorized access to customer data as a result of migrating to a cloud HR solution: The organisation is lacking behind storing the data in the cloud HR technology as they using the same technology for storing the important data and information of the customers in the same software. The new technology provides the platform for making the information secured, authorized and authenticated of the users. The AEKC lacks in creating the outstanding business views and the functionalities of the latest technologies without investing in any complex IT solutions. It also heading up to the data loss prevention which tends to leaked the data to the public domain. Leakage of transaction information to third parties as a result of employees working on personal computers: In todays scenario it is very common dealing with the leakage of the data and the information of the organisation. The insiders have become a major part of the biggest security threat of the company. The retort to the damages of data formerly has deliberated to security has mutated from shock to shrug. Assaults and threats on the corporate databases have become the new way of disclosing and making the data publically (Chen et al., 2013). And a peer group of workers familiarized to sharing of information which has grown numb to its undesirable consequences. Most of the threats are being generated form the victimized organisations which mainly allows the cyber attackers to burrow in and to grant permission for infecting the databases. Some of the third party contractors take the privilege for breaching the clients networks through malice or by accident. Loss of revenue due to non-compliance with Australian standards: It is essential to measure the entity of the resources so as to avoid the loss of an organisation. It is critical objective for measuring the revenue and the amount of the assets and of selling expenses (Chen et al., 2013). One risks that put more focus Increased security threat and exposure as a result of using an out-dated ERP system ERP system becoming a liability on organisation- The ERP should be installed before, was a wise decision made for the making the streamline process and improving the efficiency on the organisation process. In todays scenario, ERP is majorly consuming the majority of the time in the system up gradations, rising cost of the maintenance cost and the innovation time left for innovating the business process. Lagging Process: It is the proc3ess of efficiency which mainly have the significance on the rising past. But since the time has been past there is no such improvement in the process or to the efficiency (Berger, 2015). All the efforts should be made on the future complexities. The main target is to achieve the efficiency in the increasing output. No database support- In todays scenario it is essential to maintain the organisational database in the cloud. But there is no flexibility of moving the data in the cloud storage. It is the smart choice for the current scenario in an organisation for generating the automatic updates, maintenance, scalability, accessibility to the real time data etc. Lacking in Workforce- It is based on the employees who are currently working with an organisation so as to achieve all the tasks. They initially tends to turn the organisation in the exciting form of the comparison made on time-consuming methods. Higher the scope of the organisation, higher the main goal of an organisation. Lack of real-time business information- It is necessary to maintain the real time connectivity of the business to fasten the process. More ERP enabled companies more the organisation would reach for achieving the task. It is necessary to look for the real time collaboration (Berger, 2015). Conclusion It is essential in todays scenario from preventing for the risks and the threats which has occurred in an organisation so as to mitigate the risks. The main effectiveness of accessing the risks totally depends upon the improvement in the organisation and the proper strategies being implemented on time. It is essential to have the security postures on the events which have been placed in an organisation whether it is good or bad so that the prevention should be made and to have the continuous business process and continuity in the business operations in near future. References Berger, R., 2015. The challenges of introducing ERP in SMEs| IT Industry| Industrial know-how| Expertise| Roland Berger. Chen, J., Sohal, A.S. and Prajogo, D.I., 2013. Supply chain operational risk mitigation: a collaborative approach.International Journal of Production Research,51(7), pp.2186-2199. Li, H.J., Chang, S.I. and Yen, D.C., 2017. Investigating CSFs for the life cycle of ERP system from the perspective of IT governance.Computer Standards Interfaces,50, pp.269-279. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Scholten, K., Sharkey Scott, P. and Fynes, B., 2014. Mitigation processesantecedents for building supply chain resilience.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(2), pp.211-228. Verner, J.M., Brereton, O.P., Kitchenham, B.A., Turner, M. and Niazi, M., 2014. Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: A tertiary study.Information and Software Technology,56(1), pp.54-78.